Developmental and intellectual disabilities affect over seven million people in the U.S. alone. These individuals range from minor to severely disabled, with conditions that impact every aspect of their lives. It’s essential to gain a deeper understanding of what it means to live with a disability in order to provide the care and respect these valuable members of our society deserve.
What are Developmental and Intellectual Disabilities
A developmental disability is a broad term that includes all disabilities impacting sensory, neurological, intellectual, and physical functioning. These conditions may be lifelong and can be caused by genetics, exposure to toxins, birth complications, or infections. Intellectual disabilities refer to more specific disabilities impacting adaptive behaviors and mental capacity. They are lifelong and can be caused by genetics, head injuries, infections, or prenatal drug or alcohol exposure. Some individuals may have both developmental and intellectual disabilities.
Understanding the History of I/DD
For hundreds of years, individuals with intellectual or developmental disorders were considered lesser members of society. They were looked down upon and often sent away to live in secluded facilities. However, in modern times, medical advances and education have helped remove the stigma behind the label “disabled.”
It’s important to note that not all disabilities are the same. Each condition has its own diagnostic criteria and can range in severity. For example, someone with cerebral palsy may struggle to walk, talk, or write but have no trouble processing and understanding complex concepts and ideas. On the other hand, a person on the autism spectrum could present with stereotypical behaviors like stimming but could have no trouble with motor skills like climbing or walking. Realizing that people with intellectual or developmental disabilities are as complex and multi-faceted as those without allows for more empathetic treatment.
Modern Treatment for I/DD
As attitudes and understanding continue to evolve and grow, new treatments are being developed for I/DD. These therapies emphasize support and resources that help each individual live as independently as possible. Developmental and intellectual disabilities aren’t conditions that can be cured; they impact the person’s physical and cognitive development. By focusing on promoting a better quality of life, it’s possible to promote optimal functioning and development for each person.
Access to resources is a crucial part of enriching the lives of individuals with I/DD. Being able to better communicate their needs instead of settling for broader terms can make all the difference. For example, simply stating that someone has a moderate developmental disability does nothing to clarify the support they need. Being specific by addressing the resources and support needed for them to function inside their family unit, school, job, and community is key.
By better understanding the developmentally and intellectually disabled population, we can create an inclusive, welcoming environment that focuses on their value as people and not their disabilities. Through education and continued medical advances, we can ensure each person is treated with the dignity and respect they deserve.
